不同湿黑球温度下军事劳动时的适宜饮水量

本文依据在不同 WGT 下进行中、重强度劳动时人体的出汗反应以及 WGT与出汗量之间的相互关系,提出比较适合于我军在热环境下劳动时使用的补水量参考值,以增强人体耐热能力,预防中暑的发生。114名健康战士在平均 WGT26.2～31.1℃下受试。实验过程分别测定了 WGT、出汗量、心率、肛温等。结果提示:(1)WGT 与出汗量、蒸发汗量之间存在着非常显著的相关关系,WGT 的变化能相应地反映热环境下劳动者的出汗及其汗液蒸发情况;(2)不同 WGT 下推算中、重强度劳动时的适宜饮水量公式分别为:(?)(L/h)=(0.09762WGT(℃)-2.01938)×80%、(?)(L/h)=(0.10342WGT(℃)-2.00330)×80%;(3)中、重强度下劳动,WGT26.0～32.0℃时的饮水量参考值为0.415～0.962L/h。     

温度对武昌罗索线虫感染和性比的影响

不同温度条件下,武昌罗索线虫的寄生前期幼虫对致乏库蚊(Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus)二龄幼虫的有效率不同。笔者分别于15℃,18℃,21℃,24℃,27℃,30℃,33℃和35℃进行了24小时及48小时两组不同暴露时间的感染实验。感染24小时的有效率(%)分别是8.5,15,48.5,75.8,94,74,48和11;感染48小时的有效率(%)分别为19.5,23,53,99.3,89.5,67,72.8和23.5。实验表明,15～25℃均可感染,获得感染最高有效率的温度范围为24～28℃,但要获得最多的雌虫及合适的雌、雄性比则为21℃。     

三种液冷装备致冷效果的医学研究

本文研究了在环境温度为45℃、露点温度为28℃,受试者处于运动和安静两种状态下,液冷帽、液冷背心和简易液冷服的致冷效果。结果表明,几种液冷装备均具有明显的致冷效果和显著的隔热作用。致冷效能以简易液冷服最大,其次为液冷背心和液冷帽。相反,致冷效率液冷帽最高,其次为液冷背心和简易液冷服。由于被致冷部位的解剖和生理机能的不同,致冷时生理反应并不一样。致冷躯干时,皮肤温度达稳定状态的时间比致冷头、颈部时间约长1小时,并且前者皮肤温度也较后者低4℃。     

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal performed with surface-heparinized equipment in patients with ARDS

To avoid the drawbacks of systemic anticoagulation during prolonged extracorporeal circulation in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) a heparinization technique has been developed by which partially degraded heparin can be covalently end-point attached to the surface of the equipment constituting the extracorporeal circuit (Carmeda Bio-Active Surface, CBAS) thereby localizing the anticoagulatory effect. Since 1986 we have used extracorporeal circuits and membrane lungs coated with the CBAS for extracorporeal lung assistance (ECLA) in 14 patients suffering from ARDS. The patients were on ECLA for 3 to 55 days with a survival rate of 43%. Our experience so far is that by using equipment coated with CBAS it is possible to perform long-term extracorporeal circulation with a minimum of intravenously administered heparin, thus avoiding the risk of major coagulation defects.     

Studies in Phlebitis. II. Early Detection of Amiodarone-Induced Phlebitis in a Rabbit Model

Pharmaceutical Research -     

凯里市2001-2006年食品及公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎检测结果分析

目的为了解凯里市食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带状况,为公共卫生监督提供依据。方法对2001-2006年到我中心进行健康体检的19383名从业人员采血用ELISA法检测乙肝感染指标。结果6年HBsAg阳性率为4.06%,其中男性(5.27%)高于女性(3.46%);20岁以下年龄组HBsAg阳性率最高(5.89%),随着年龄的增加,阳性率有降低的趋势;从民族来看HBsAg阳性率最高的是苗族(5.81%),最低的是汉族(2.56%);从文化程度来看HBsAg阳性率最高的是具有初中及以下学历的从业人员(4.68%)。2001-2003年有52.79%体检HBsAg阳性者进行两对半检测,将近1/3的受检者(为模式1、3)正处于急性乙肝病毒(HBV)感染或复制期,2004-2006年有65.56%HBsAg阳性者进行HBeAg检测。结论为了阻断HBV传播,首先,必须加强卫生监督执法和监测工作,对查出具有传染性的人员必须调离该工种;其二,定期进行卫生知识培训;其三,要立法对HBsAg阴性者进行乙肝疫苗的强制接种;其四,加强餐饮娱乐场所环境和物品的消毒和监测。     

Temperature Dependence of Anuran Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions

To study the possible involvement of energy-dependent mechanisms in the transduction of sound within the anuran ear, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in the northern leopard frog over a range of body temperatures. The effect of body temperature depended on the stimulus levels used and on the hearing organ under investigation. Low-level DPOAEs from the amphibian papilla (AP) were reversibly depressed for decreased body temperatures. Apparently, DPOAE generation in the AP depends on metabolic rate, indicating the involvement of active processes in the transduction of sound. In contrast, in the other hearing organ, the basilar papilla (BP), the effects of body temperature on DPOAEs were less pronounced, irrespective of the stimulus levels used. Apparently, metabolic rate is less influencing DPOAE generation. We interpret these results as evidence that no amplifier is involved in sound transduction in the BP. The passive functioning of the anuran BP would place this hearing organ in a unique position within tetrapod hearing, but may actually be beneficial to ectothermic species because it will provide the animal with a consistent spectral window, regardless of ambient or body temperature.     

婴儿培养箱基本性能研究与改进

根据对婴儿培养箱多年的临床使用与维修体会,阐述了婴儿培养箱基本性能要求,并指出现行的此类设备存在的问题,及具体改进方法。     

3种常用低温灭菌方法研究现状

阐述了环氧乙烷低温灭菌法、低温蒸汽甲醛灭菌法、过氧化氢等离子体灭菌法的灭菌机制、主要特点及应用范围。     

Surface modification of titanium by etching in concentrated sulfuric acid

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the etching behavior of titanium in concentrated sulfuric acid and discuss its application on surface modification of titanium for biological use. METHODS: Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) plate was etched in 48% H2SO4 at RT -90 degrees C for 0.25-8 h. The weight loss was derived from the weight differences before and after etching. The surfaces after etching were characterized by surface roughness, X-ray diffractometry, and scannning electron spectroscopy. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution of cpTi into acid was derived from an Arrhenius plot of the rate of weight loss versus the acid temperature. RESULTS: The surface roughness of cpTi increased with the acid temperature and etching time. The surface roughness was strongly related to the weight loss. The weight loss increased drastically with the acid temperature after an initial period, which shortened with increasing acid temperature. The apparent activation energy for the dissolution of cpTi in H2SO4 was derived as 67.8 kJ/mol. SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that etching with concentrated sulfuric acid is an effective way to modify the surface of titanium for biological applications.